Apparatus for cipher-writing.



PATENTED MAY 12, 1903.

G. W. DUDLEY.

APPARATUS FOR GIPHER WRITING.

APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 17, 1899.

no MODEL.

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G. W. DUDLEY. APPARATUS FOR GIPHER WRITING.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 17, 1899.

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APPLICATION FILED OUT. 17, 1899- 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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Thurman STATES Patented May 12, 1903.

GEORGE W. DUDLEY, OF STAUNTON, VIRGINIA.

APPARATUS FOR CIPHER-WRITING.

SPEGIFIQATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 727,915, dated May 12, 1903.

Application filed October 17, 1899. Serial No. 733,889 (No model.)

T0 all whom it HUI/y concern:

Be it known that 1, GEORGE W. DUDLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Stannton, Virginia, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Oipher-l/Vriting, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention is a machine forcarrying into effect the method of cipher-writing disclosed by me in application for Letters Patent of the United States, filed March 8, 1899, Serial No. 708,267.

In my method while I employ the broad principle of transposition whereby the letter a, for example, or any given letter is represented by some other letter, this representative letter changes according to a fixed and predetermined rule, so that at times the letter a will be represented by the letter x, at other times by the letter y, and again by the letter z. My method is one of variable yet predetermined selection whereby any letter of the regular alphabet may be represented at different periods of the writing, by different letters, sometimes by one and sometimes by another, according to the cipher-key used.

One way of carrying my method into effect is to employ a plurality of alphabets-say four in number. These alphabets have their letters similarly arranged as to sequence or relative positions. In other words, these alphabets are alike in all respects. It is then determined between the persons using the code that the letter a, for example, will be represented in the first alphabet by the letler x, in the second by the letter y, and in the third by the letter z, while in the fourth the letter a will be represented by a, b by b, and so on. It is further determined between the parties using the invention that in making, for instance, the first three letters of the cipher message theyshall be selected from the first alphabet, the next three from the second alphabet, the next three from the third alphabet, and the next three from the fourth alphabet, after which the third alphabet is again used and the others in succession. From this simple understanding the letter a may be properly placed in the translation wherever it is to occur and by asimilar method of procedure all the other letters may be easily translated in their proper order and relative positions.

The system is capable of almost infinite variation, as not only can the alphabets be positioned relatively to each other to change the characters representing any given letterfor instance, u v w x, as standing respectively for the letter a in the several alphabets; but the number of letters successively selected from any one alphabet may be changed-thus, three selected from the first, one from the second, two from the third, and five from the fourth.

In my method the spaces between words do not appear as such in the cipher-writing; but instead these spaces are filled by letters or characters, sometimes by one letter or character and at other times by another letter, this being determined according to the alphabet which may be in use.

I have provided means in my machine whereby spaces may be thrown in between the letters at the will of the operator, so as to make spaces occur in the words themselves. I have provided means also for antomatically forming spaces in the words. This is for the purpose of frustrating any attempts by unauthorized persons of translating the message, as they cannot tell from a group of, say, four letters whether they constitute the whole number in that word or whether a fifth separated from the group by the space is the final letter of the word. I have provided means whereby upon a simple adjustment of the parts these spaces, whether automatically or arbitrarily produced in the message, are automatically eliminated in the translation.

For forming the spaces within the words arbitrarily I provide a special space-key, which is connected with the escapement to make the carriage move one step when said key is operated and is connected with means for arresting the hammer to prevent the printing of a letter when said key is depressed. For eliminating these arbitrary spaces I provide a paper-carriage in which the paper-rolls or paper-holding means can be arrested while the carriage and other parts of the machine perform their ordinary operation. In translating, therefore, when a space occurs the operator presses down the special space-key. This having been placed in connect-ion with a looking or arresting mechanism, through the adjustment before referred to, causes the escapement and carriage and all parts of the machine to operate in the ordinary way, excepting that the paper-rolls or paperholder remains stationary-that is, they do not traverse with the carriage, and in addition to this the printing-hammer does not strike. From this it results that this key action is ineffective, both as regards printing upon the paper and giving the paper its letter-space action.

For making the spaces within the words automatically I provide a special form of escapement, which after, say, three key actions will jump two spaces instead of one, thus making a space between the letters of a word, and after five more key actions will again move two spaces to form a space within another word or within the same word. These automatically-produced spaces will recur in a predetermined order, according to the disposition of the teeth on the escapementwheel, sothat aspace will occur, forinstance, after three key actions, again after five key actions, again after two key actions, then after four key actions, and finally after six key actions, after which the order will be repeated. To eliminate these automaticallyproduced spaces, the escapement is adjusted so that the paper-carriage will move only one space at each key action.

I have aimed to improve the machine throughout, and my invention not only lies in the special mechanism for carrying out the objects and method above stated, but in the various combinations of mechanism, relating tothe key action, the escapement, the paper-carriage, the hammer mechanism, and other features hereinafter fully described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine, the ribbon-spools and some of the other parts being omitted. Fig. 2 is a plan View of a section on line 2 2 of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a rear view of the machine. Fig. 5 is a detail side elevation looking from the left of Figs. 1 and 2 of the pindrum and connections operated thereby. Fig. 6 is a view on line 6 6 of Fig. 5. Fig. '7 is a face View of part of the rows of type. Fig. 8 is a detail sectional view of the type-wheel and adjacent parts. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a detail. Figs. 10 and 11 are views of the means for making spaces in the words automatically. Fig. 12 is a detail view of a part of the lock for preventing the machine from working.

The type are carried on a wheel 1 in a nu mber of rows which are duplicates of each other. These rows of type are fixed to rims 2, forming parts of the periphery of the wheel,which rims are adjustable in relation to each other circumferentially of the wheel, and when so adjusted they are held in fixed relation by a pin 3, which passes through holes 4 in the several rims, there being one hole opposite each character on the wheel. The wheel is completed by upper and lower disks 5 6, attached to the hub 7. The type-bearing rims are adjusted circumferentially between these disks,.and the lockingpin 3 passes down through the holes in the disks and rims. The wheel is carried by a hollow shaft 9, rotating in bearings 10 of the frame, but having no longitudinal movement.

The type-wheel is rotated by the levers 14, which have pins engaging slots or notches in a disk 15, fixed to and carried by the hollow shaft 9. This shaft has a forked arm 10, which is engaged by a right-angular arm 11, connected with the sleeve 12 of the typewheel, so that when the hollow shaft9 is moved either one way or the other the typewheel sleeve and type-wheel will be moved through the fork 10 and arm 11, and this latter arm depends far enough to allow the sleeve and type-wheel to raise and lower while still maintaining their connection.

The levers 14 are connected to short barrels 16, arranged about shafts 1'7, bearing in the plates 18. These barrels have connectedv therewith arms or plates 19, extending at an angle toward each other and inclining slightly toward the front. The key-levers are pivoted in slotted bearing-frames 20 and are of bellcrank form, their rear vertical arms extend- -ing down directly in front of the inclined plates, and these arms are of difierent length, so that when the different keys are operated the plates will be moved to different degrees,

and the type-wheel will be turned more or less to bring the proper character to the printing-point. The distance of the vertical arm of the bell-crank key-lever from the center of rotation of the inclined plate 19 will also determine the degree of operation of the typewheel.

The shaft 9 has a tailpiece 21, which by striking the spring-pins 22, depressed by the key-lever, will determine accurately the position of the type-wheel relatively to the printing-point. I

The barrels 16 are under the influence of springs 23, which return them after each action, and thus return the type-wheel to normal position through the levers 14 and notched disk 15.

The type-wheel having been turned by the depression of a key to present the proper character to the printing-point, the hammer makes the impression by forcing the, paper against the type.

The hammer 13 is provided with a counterweight 24. and is connected by an arm 25 with a rock-shaft 26, journaled in bearings 27 at the upper ends ot'the standards 28.

The rock-shaft 26 may be adjusted longitudinally by the screws 29 to make the hammer strike accurately upon the type. The rock-shaft is connected through the rod 30 and arm 31 with the rock-shaft 32, journaled in bearings 33 on the base-fra me. This rock shaft has an arm 34 at its rear end pivotally connected at 35 with the carrier-lever 36 of the escapement-detent 37, which latter is connected to the carrier-lever and normally engages the escapement-ratchet 38, Fig. 4. This ratchet is loose on the shaft 39 and the detentcarrier 36 is loose on this shaft.

The detent 37 is pivoted to its carrier and is controlled by a slotted arm 40 of the pawllever 41, which receives a pin on the detent. The pawl-lever is pivoted to the standard 42 and has a tooth 43 to engage the ratchetteeth. The pawl-lever is operated each time a key is depressed by the lever 43, pivoted on the rod 44 and engaging with its extreme rear end the end of the pawl-lever.

The lever 43 is connected with the spaceframe 45, which extends under the key-levers. Each time a key-lever is depressed, therefore, the space-frame will be operated, and this through the lever 43 will operate the pawllever 41 to throw its pawl-tooth 43 into engagement with the escapement-ratchet. This same action through the slotted pawl-arm 40 throws the detent 37 out of engagement with the ratchet and allows a spring 46 to turn the shaft 32 forcibly and through the arm 31 and rod 30 described operate the hammer to make the impression. The spring 46 is fixed to the shaft 32 at 47, Fig. 2, is coiled about the said shaft, and is fixed at its other end to the sleeve or hollow bracket 48, which surrounds the spring and shaft and is fixed in one of the bearings 33. The release of the detent 37, it will be clear from the above, allows the spring 46 to operate the hammer. The arm 34 and the detent-carrier 36 in this action are thrown downwardly and the detent engages the next tooth on the ratchetwheel. Upon the release of the key-lever the pawl 43 is withdrawn from the ratchet-teeth, and the ratchet is free to turn until it is arrested by the stopping of the upward movement of the detent 37, which remains in engagement with the ratchet. This is done by the stop 49, which arrests the upward movement of the detent by limiting the downward movement of the arm 31, before described. This detent therefore controls the hammer action and the amount of escapement movement. Theratchet38isconnectedwithadisk 50 by a sleeve 51, and this disk carries a pawl 52, engaging a ratchet-drum 53, whichis connected by a sleeve 54 with a pinion engaging the rack-bar 56 of the carriage. The carriage-rack engages teeth on a spring-drum 57, which propels the carriage to the left. The pawl and ratchet 52 53 allow the carriage to be returned to normal position without affecting the escapement-ratchet. A detent 55 prevents backward movement of the ratchet.

As before stated, the type-carrying rings of the type-wheel are adjusted circumferentially in relation to each other, so that the cipher-key may be changed at will. Thus, forinstance, in Fig. 7 the cipher-key B L II, which is at the radial center of the wheel, may

be changed by shifting the rims relatively to each other to any desired combination of characters and the number of possible combinations is practically unlimited.

In my machine I employ a plurality of alphabets or sets of characters, and in addition to providing for adjustments which will secure a transposition,as between the key characters and the type of each set, I provide for a relative adjustment between the sets of characters or alphabets, and also I provide for the automatic shifting of the printing from one line or set of characters to another, and this shifting goes on at intervals automatically throughout the Writing. For instance,supposing in Fig. 7 that the parts are so set that when the I key is pressed the D character of the upper alphabet is printed. After a predetermined number of depressions of the keys the type-wheel will automatically shift vertically, so as to bring the next lower alphabet into the plane of the hammer, and then if the I key is struck the E character will be printed, this character being immediately below the D character of the upper rim. The printing will then be done by the second alphabet for a certain interval, at the expiration of which the type-wheel will be raised another step to bring the third alphabet into play, and keys corresponding to type characters D L F G P M,&c., of the upper alphabet will, when depressed, cause to be printed the characters U 0 S I R E, &c., of the third alphabet, and when the fourth or lower alphabet is brought opposite the printing-point these same keys will print I R E II AT, &c. From this it will be seen that when the I key, for instance, is struck it will sometimes print D, sometimes E, sometimes U, and at times I, so thatit will not be possible to ascertain by computation from the recurrence of the characters which letters of the ordinary alphabet they stand for.

The characters of the lower alphabet may, if desired, be set to correspond with the key characters.

I have shown four adjustable type-bearing rims; but I do not limit myself to this number.

The shifting of the type-wheel vertically may occur at every third stroke of the keys or at longer or shorter intervals. The intervals may be regular or irregular. The shifting is done by astem or post 56, movable vertically of the hollow type-wheel shaft and having its upper end in connection with the type-Wheel sleeve 12. The stem rests upon a lever 57 The lever extends rearwardly from a rock-shaft 5S, journaled in hearings in the frame of the machine and operated by a lever 59, which is connected to the arm 60 on the rock-shaft by the link 61. The lever at its rear end has stepped shoulders 62 in different planes adapted to be engaged by catches 63, pivoted to the base of the machine and normally pressed toward thelever by the or returns it to this position.

action of its spring, as in Figs. 5 and 6.

springs 64. Each catch has a projection 68 in the path of studs 66- on a wheel or drum 67. The lever also has pins 65, projecting into line with other studs on said drum. The drum is fixed to a shaft 69, journaled in bearings in the frame, and itis operated in the direction ofthe arrow, Fig. 5, step by step from the spring-drum 57 of the type-writer carriage. The drum as the carriage moves to the left for letter-spacing operates the gear-wheel 70, having a pawl 71, engaging a ratchet 73 on the shaft 69, so that at each stroke of the keys the shaft is turned. When the carriage is returned to the right, the shaft is held against backward rotation by a pawl 72, pivoted to a fixed part of the frame and engaging a ratchet-wheel 74 on the shaft. Supposing the type-wheel in its lowest position, the lever 59 is then down. As the writing proceeds a stud on the drum, say, after three strokes of the keys will engage one of the pins on the lever and raise it one step, where it will be held by one of the catches 63, which when the shoulder on the lever is presented to it im mediately engages it under the After another interval of three strokes, more or less, of the keys another stud on the drum engages a second pin on the lever and lifts it to raise the type-wheel a second step to bring into play another row of characters. After the lever has thus been lifted step by step and each time held by one of the catches it is lowered by other studs on the drum engaging in succession the projections 68 on the catch-levers, thus releasing the catches from the stepped shoulders of the lever and allowing the type-wheel and other parts to fall by gravity or otherwise.

By my system the spaces between words do not appear as such in the cipher message, but ordinary characters or letters fill up and represent these spaces; but I do not use the same letter or character to represent the space.

Referring to Fig. 7 and supposing the vertical line of characters B L H to be on the radial center of the wheel and opposite the hammer when the type-wheel is at rest, it will be seen that when the space-key 76 is struck, it being understood that then the type-wheel does not rotate, the machine will print B L H, according to which row of characters or alphabets is in the printing plane, and these characters will represent the spaces. The space-key does not cause the type-wheel to turn, but simply causes the printing of that character which is at that time opposite the printing-point and while the type-wheel is at rest. In order to do this, the space key or bar 7 6 is arranged to operate the escapement and hammer mechanism without affecting the position of the type-wheel. The space bar or key is supported by arms 77, pivotally supported by bearings 78 and under tension of a spring 79, which holds the space-bar up The bent lever 80 of the space-lever is pivoted at 81 on the plate 18, and when this lever is depressed it depresses the space-frame 45, which, through 44 and having a sleeve 86 turning loosely on V the rod. ing into the path of a tailpiece 36' of the carrier 36 of the detent 37,before described. The stem 84 of the special space-key has a shoulder 87 to engage the space-frame, Fig. 3. When this key is depressed, the arm 87 will be raised into the path of the tailpiece 36, and the connections leading to the hammer will thus-be arrested by the tailpiece striking the arm 87. This will prevent the hammer from striking the paper. The escapement, however, performs its usual function, as the depression of the space-frame causes the pawl 43 to be thrown into engagement with the ratchet and the detent released and caused to engage the next tooth, and then upon the release of the special key the escapement-ratchet will turn until stopped by the detent and stop 49, as before described, thus allowing the carriage to move one step, which of course will produce a space between the letters, owing to the non-action of the hammer. These spaces are those which would be occupied by the letters in the ordinary printing and may be termed extra spaces.

The paper-carriage comprises the rack-bar 56, having uprights 88 secured thereto near each end. A rod 89 is supported in these uprights and supports the arms 90, which carry at their upper ends the journals of the paperfeed roll 91. These arms carry also a rod 92, upon which are supported supplemental arms 93, carrying at their upper ends the paperfeed roll 94. These arms are pressed forwardly by springs 95, surrounding the rod 92, engaging said rod at one end and the hubs 96 of .the arms 93 at their other ends. The arms 90 of the paper-feed-roll frame have vertical extensions 91. A cross-rod 97 connects the upper ends of these extensions and this, in connection with a second rod 98, held in small supports connected with the arms 91', serves to guide the paper when being inserted. The arms 91 also serve to support the rubber band 99 used in this class of machines.

The whole paper-feed-roll frame, comprising the arms 90 to 93, is adapted to swing on the rod 89 toward and from the type-wheel, so that the operator by simply pressing the paper-feed-1'oll frame back can get a clear View of the printing. In order to control This sleeve has an arm 87' extends this swinging action, links 100 are pivoted by the rock-shaft 100 to the uprights 88 and to the arms 90 at the extensions 91. The paperfeed-roll frame is returned to its forward position by the springs contained in sleeves 100, fixed on the rock-shaft 100".

It will be noticed from Figs. 2 and 4 that the paper-feed-roll frame is somewhat shorter than the distance between the uprights 88 of the paper-carriage, and this is for the purpose of allowing the paper-feed-roll frame to have a displacement within and in relation to the carriage-frame in a direction longitudinally thereof-that is, it is intended in translating a message that the paper-feedroll frame, with the paper, be held locked against longitudinal movement whenever the special space-key 82 is struck, so that the paper will not be moved past the printing-point at those times, and thus the space in the mes- 1 sage will be eliminated in the translation. I have provided means, therefore, for locking the paper-feed-roll frame against movement when the special space-key is struck, while at the same time the escapement and carriage move, as do also the pin-drum and the automatic connections for changing the vertical position of the type-wheel. In fact, at this time all the parts of the machine perform their usual function and movements with the exception of the paper-feed-roll frame and the hammer, which latter, as before described, is always looked against action when the space-key is depressed.

In order to look the paper-feed-roll frame against longitudinal movement, a toothed bar 101 is rigidly supported by posts 102 on the base-plate. The teeth of this bar lie just above the arm 103 of a locking-dog, which is pivoted on the rod 10s by means of its sleeve 105. This dog has an arm 106, which normally engages a series of teeth 107 on the rack-bar 56 of the carriage-frame, and when this arm 106 is in engagement the other arm 103 is out of engagement with the fixed locking-bar 101, and then the paper-feed-roll frame moves with the paper-carriage, being locked thereto.

For freeing the paper-feed-roll frame from the carriage and locking itin position against movement the dog is moved upwardly, so that arm 106 leaves the teeth 10'? and arm 103 cugages the teeth of locking-bar 101. This upward movement is given by a rod 108, carried by arms 109 of a rock-shaft 110, journaled in the posts 102, said rod 108 engaging an opening between the arms 103 106.

The shaft 110 is rocked to effect the looking of the paper-feed-roll frame by an upward movement of a link 111, which is connected to the arm 112 on the rock-shaft 110, and at its lower end it has a slot 113, which receives a pin 114 on an arm 115, which is connected with the sleeve 86,before described, and which is rocked by the lever 85 whenever the special space-key 82 is depressed.

When the machine is used for writing the message, the parts described are in the position shown in Fig. 3, and the depression of the special space-key will make the spaces as described, because the paper-feedroll frame remains locked to the paper-carriage, owing to the fact that the arm 115 works loosely in the slot 113 and does not affect the look. When the machine is to be used for translating the message, however, an arm 116, pivoted to the link 111, is swung forward, so that its lower end will extend across the slot, and then when the special space-key 82 is depressed the arm 115 will strike the end of the arm 116 and the link 111 will rise, thus, through the rock-shaft 110, arms 109, and rod 108, shifting the locking-dog out of connection with the teeth 107 on the carriage and into engagement with the teeth of the locking-bar 101. This lockingelfectis maintained until the escapement operates to move the carriage and allow all the parts of the machine to operate and remain in proper adjustment, excepting only the hammer, which, as before stated, is always prevented from striking when the special space-key is operated. The slot 113 in the link is long enough to allow the arm 115 to fall far enough to effeet the escapenient without withdrawing the look from the fixed bar 101. Upon the complete return of the space-key 82 and arm 115 the paper-feed-roll frame is released from the fixed bar 101 and again locked to the carriage-frame, and it will now move with the carriage-frame until the special space-key is again depressed to translate or, rather, eliminate the space. The arm 116 is kept in engagement with the link 111 by spurs 124.

The paper-carriage is guided in its movement by rollers 120 and by a rod 121, passing through a fixed bracket 122. The links 100 abut against stops 123, Fig. 3, on the carriage-uprights.

In order to automatically return the paperfeed-roll frame to its normal position at the left-hand end of the carriage before beginning a new line, I provide a finger 125, fixed to the bar 101 and projecting into line with the arms 90, so that when the carriage is returned to the right to begin a new line the finger will strike the left-hand arm 90 of the paper-feed-roll frame, and the frame will be displaced along the rod 89 to the left end of the carriage.

In order to lock the machine against further action when the line is printed, I provide a lever 126, adapted to be operated by a suitable part of the machine, and this operates a lever 127, pivoted to the base, which in turn throws a stud 128 under a part of the space-frame 45, and this prevents its operation. When the carriage is returned to the right, the pin 129 strikes the pivoted lever 126 and operates the parts to unlock the machine by shifting the stud 128 into a position where it will not prevent the operation of the space-frame.

The upper and lower plates 5 6 of the type- III! wheel are fixed to the hub 7, and the'rims 2 are adjustable circumferentially between these disks or plates. The hub fits on a sleeve 12 and is connected to turn therewith by a pin 1) on the sleeve fitting in a notch c in the hub. The sleeve turns with the hollow shaft 9 through the fork-and-arm connection before described. For raising and lowering the typewheel the rod 56 extends up through the hollow shaft, and its upper end engages a pointed block d, supported by a pin e, which extends through slotsf in the hollow shaft 9 and is supported in the sleeve.

The automatic spacing mechanism consists in an escapement-wheel 38, having blank spaces 38 at regular intervals between the teeth, so that when one of these spaces comes around to the detent 37, as shown in Fig. 10, the escapement-ratchet will move the space of two teeth, and thus a space will be formed. In order to prevent the hammer from striking too hard when this space arrives at the detent and the detent coacts therewith, I have provided a stop-pin 49, Fig. 4, which will arrest the arm 31 and the connections leading to the hammer, just asthe teeth of the ratchet do when no blank space is under the tooth of the detent. The action of the parts is that the pawl 43 is thrown into engagement with one of the teeth-say a-in Fig. 10 and the detent is simultaneously thrown out of engagement with the tooth y. The detent now flies downwardly under the action of the spring 46, but instead of the hammer mechanism in this instance being limited by the detent striking the next succeeding tooth of the ratchet the stop 49 acts to limitthe movement of the hammer mechanism to get a proper hammer act-ion. Upon release of the key the pawl 43 is withdrawn from the ratchet, and the ratchet turns, carrying the detent up until the stop 49 before described limits the movement. In translating in order to eliminate these spaces the machine is provided with a second ratchet-wheel 38*,loose on the ratchet shaft or pivot, and this has a full set of teeth. It has also a locking-pin g, carried by a spring-arm h, pivoted at t to the face of the ratchet. Then this pin and arm are in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 11, the ratchet 38 is disconnected from the ratchet 38; but when in the position of the full lines the pin will then enter any one of the openings k in the ratchetwheel 38, and the teeth of the ratchet 38.? will be opposite or fill up the spaces in the ratchet 38, it being understood that the tooth of the detent is wide enough to cover both ratchets. The machine will now operate without any automatic spacing.

The spring-barrels for oscillating the type .wheel are shown in Fig. 9.

The pawl arm 41 is pressed up by a spring, Fig. l, engaging the rod m, by which the pawl is held in normal position.

The special-space key is pressed when making the translation each time a space occurs,

whether the spaces were formed automatically by the escapement-ratchet device or by pressing the special-space key in printing. This is necessary in order to have a key action for each of the letter-spaces in the line; otherwise the movement of the parts will be disordered.

I claim as my invention 1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a k eyboard, keys having characters thereon, a plurality of adjustable typewheels each having characters upon its periphery, said type-wheels being in operative connection respectively with the keys of said keyboard, and means for independently adjusting said type-wheels in varying relations with respect to each other and to said keyboard.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a keyboard, keys having characters thereon, a plurality of independent adj ustable type-wheels, each having characters upon its periphery, said type-wheels being in operative connection respectively with the keys of said keyboard, a series of perforations in each wheel coinciding with those" in the other wheels, the positions of said perforations respectively conforming to those of the character upon the wheel and pins adapted to fit within said perforations.

3. In a ,machine of the class described, the combination of a keyboard, keys having characters thereon, a plurality of independent adj ustable type-wheels having characters arranged upon the periphery thereof, said typewheels being adapted to be changed in their relation to each other as well as to the keyboard, a revoluble shaft for supporting said type-wheels, means for rotating the same, means for bringing the several characters upon each of said type-wheels to a predetermined position and means for taking an impression therefrom.

4:. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a keyboard, keys having characters thereon, a revoluble shaft, means'for rotating the same, a disk thereon adapted to rotate with said shaft, a plurality of independent adjustable type-wheels each having characters upon its periphery, said typewheels being in operative connection respectively to the keys upon said keyboard, a series of perforations in each wheel the position of which conform to those of the characters upon the respective wheels, perforations in said disk arranged to coincide with those in said type-Wheels, pins for connecting the wheels and disk in a predetermined relation with respect to each other and means for taking an impression from the type as the keys are actuated.

5. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a keyboard, keys having characters thereon, a revoluble shaft, means for rotating the same, a disk thereon adapted to rotate with said shaft, a plurality of independent adjustable type-wheels each having ICC remote characters upon its periphery, said typewheels being in operative connection respectively to the keys upon said keyboard, a series of perforations in each wheel the positions of which conform to those of thecharacters upon the respective wheels, perforations in said disk arranged to coincide with those in said type-wheels, pins for connecting the wheels and disk in a predetermined relation with respect to each other, means for raising and lowering said shaft, and means for taking an impression from the type as the keys are actuated.

6. In combination in a type-writer, the rotary type-wheel and its shaft, the plates 18, the horizontal levers, and arms for rotating the type-wheel, the key-levers pivoted above the plates 18 and having downward extensions to engage the horizontal arms, spring-pins extending down from the key-levers and a tailpiece 21 for engaging the pins when depressed by the key-levers, substantially as described.

7. In combination, the type-wheel and its hollow shaft, a sleeve carrying the type-wheel and adapted to slide on the hollow shaft,means connecting the sleeve and hollow shaft con sisting of the arms 1O, 11, 'a rod extending up through the hollow shaft and a connection be tween the upper end ofsaid rod and the sleeve, said connection extending through a slot in the hollow shaft, substantially as described.

8. In combination, the typecarrier, the standards 28, the rock-shaft for the hammer journaled in said standards at the upper part of the machine, the escapement mechanism, the rock-shaft under spring tension and the connections between the rock-shaft and the escapement and hammer rock-shaft respectively, said rock-shaft being released by the release of the escapement, substantially as described.

9. In combination, the type-carrier, the hammer, the rock-shaft carrying the same, a rock-shaft 32 under spring tension, the escapement mechanism, a connection between said rock-shaft and said escapement and a connection between the rock-shaft and the hammer, the said escapement controlling the rock-shaft, substantially as described.

10. In combination, the type-wheel, the hammer, a rock-shaft supporting the same, the escapement, a rock-shaft under spring tension having an arm 34 connected with the escapement, an arm 31 connected with the spring rock-shaft and a rod connecting said arm with the hammer rock-shaft, said spring rock-shaft being controlled by the escapement, substantially as described.

11. In combination, the printing mechanism comprising the type-carrier the papercarriage, the arms 90 yieldingly supported on the carriage and carrying the paper-feed roll 91 adapted to move rearwardly from the typecarrier, a paper-roll 9a and arms carrying the same, said arms being yieldingly connected withthe arms 90, substantially as described.

12. In combination, the paper-carriage, the

arms 90 pivoted thereto and movable forwardly and rearwardly toward and from the type, a paper-feed roll journaled in said arms, the links 100 connected with the arms, and springs for putting a tension upon the links, substantially as described.

13. In combination, the printing mechanism, the carriage comprising rack-bar, standards 88 at the ends thereof, the arms 90 pivoted at the lower part of the standards and extending upwardly therefrom, a paper-feed roll journaled in said arms, the arms 93 pivotally connected to the arms 90, a paper-roll in the upper ends of the arms 93, links 100 pivoted to the standards 88 and connected with the arms 90 and springs for placing a tension upon the arms 90 and 93, substantially as described.

14. The combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, printing mechanism, means for making extra spaces between the letters of a word or in other parts of the message, and means for eliminating said spaces when printing the translation, substantially as described.

15. In combination in a cipher-translating machine, printing mechanism and means for eliminating the extra spaces between the letters as the translation is printed, substantially as described.

16. In a cipher-translating machine, printing mechanism, a key and means controlled thereby for eliminating the extra spaces between letters as the translation is printed, substantially as described.

17. In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, a space-key with mechanism for forming extra spaces in the printing, and an adjustable part whereby the machine will eliminate the said spaces when the spacekey is operated, substantially as described.

18. In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, means for forming extra spaces in the word, and an adjustable part whereby the machine may be set to eliminate the said spaces in the translating, substantially as described.

19. In combination in a cipher-translating machine,a paper-carriage,a paper-holder supported thereon, said carriage being arranged to have movement independent of the holder, a key and means for locking the paper-holder against movement with the carriage when the said key is struck, substantially as described.

20. In combination in a cipher-printing machine, the printing mechanism, a key with connections for printing a series of characters in predetermined order in the spaces between the words, and a key with connections for forming extra spaces between the letters of the word, substantially as described.

21. In combination in a cipher-translating machine, a key with connections for translating spaces between the words and means for eliminating extra spaces between the letters of a word, substantially as described.

22. In combination in a cipher-translating machine, a key with connections for translating the spaces between the words, and a key with connections for eliminating the extra spaces within the word, substantially as described.

23. In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, the printing mechanism, a key with connections for fillingin spaces between the words, a key with connections for forming extra spaces between the letters ofa word and an adjustable part whereby the machine may be set to eliminate the extra spaces within a word when translating, substantially as described.

24. In combination in acipher printing and translating machine,the printing mechanism, a key with connections for printing a character in the space between words, means for forming extra spaces between the letters of a word and an adjustable part whereby the latter spaces are eliminated when translating, substantially as described.

25. In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine,the printing mechanism, a key with connections for making extra spaces between the letters of a word, a papercarriage, a paper-holderfla lock for holding the paper-holder against movement with the carriage and an adjustable part whereby the space-forming key may be made to operate the lock to hold the paperholder against movement in translating when the space-key is struck, substantially as described.

26. In combination, the carriage, and a paper-holder supported on the carriage, said carriage having movement independent of the paper-holder past the printing-point, substantially as described.

27. In combination, the carriage, the paperholder supported thereon, said carriage having movement independent of the paperholder and a lock for the paper-holder controlled from the keyboard, substantially as described.

28. In combination, the printing mechanism, the carriage, the paper-holder thereon,

a lock for holding the paper-holder against movement with the carriage, said lock comprising a rack-bar and a locking dog or pawl to engage the same, one of said parts being on the paper-holder and the other on the main frame and one part being controlled from the keyboard, substantially as described.

29. In combination, the printing mechanism, the carriage, the paper-holder, the stationary rack, the rack on the carriage and a lock for the paper-holder to engage either one or the other of said racks and means for controlling the position of the lock, substantially as described.

30. In combination, the printing mechanism, the carriage, the paper-holder, a lock therefor to preventits movement with the carriage, a link for controlling the lock, the keylever connected with a slot of the link and the lever-arm 116 for closing the slot, substantially as described.

31. In combination, the printing mechanism, the carriage, the paper-holder thereon, a lock to prevent the paperholder moving with the carriage, a slotted link connected with the lock, a key-lever connected with the slot of the link, means forlimiting the movement of the lever in the slot so that the lever will be effective in operating the link and lock, escapement mechanism for moving the carriage, the said slot. being of a length to permit the escapement to operate on the return of thelever before said lever reaches the end of the slot and withdraws the lock, substantially as described.

32. In combination, the carriage, the paperholder, said carriage having movement independent of the paper-holder which is supported thereon, and means for returning the paper-holder to normal position with respect to the carriage, substantially as described.

33. In combination with a cipher-writing machine, meansforautomatically forming extra spaces between the letters as the printing proceeds, substantially as described.

34. In combination in a cipher-printing machine, a paper-carriage, printing mechanism and an escapement mechanism comprising a ratchet having blank spaces for causing spaces to be formed in the printing by giving the paper carriage an additional spacing movement, substantially as described.

35. In a cipher-translating machinein combination with the character-keys, means for automatically eliminating the extra spaces between the letters of a Word as said character-keys are operated, substantially as described.

36. In combination in atype-writer with the printing mechanism, an escapement mechanism having means for making extra spaces at intervals between the letters by the ordinary operation of the character-keys, substantially as described and independent of the spacebar.

37. In combination in a type-writer with the printing mechanism, an escapement-ratchet having blank spaces and a second ratchet having a full set of teeth, said second ratchet being -adjustably connected, substantially as described.

38. In combination in a cipher-translating machine, printing mechanism, a paper-carriage, and means for eliminating the extra spaces in the message when translating, said means comprising a key, means connected therewith for preventing the hammer from striking when said key is operated and means for preventing the paper from having its traversing movement, substantially as described.

39. In combination in a cipher-machine, printing mechanism comprising a plurality of alphabets, means for changing the printing from one alphabet to another and means'for eliminating the extra spaces between the letters of aword in the translation, substantially as described.

40. In combination in a cipher-translating machine, a printing mechanism, means for moving the paper past the printing-point, means operated by the machine for controlling the cipher, a key, and connections controlled by said key for arresting the printing mechanism and the papermoving means while the other parts of the machine perform their usual functions whereby spaces in the message will be eliminated, substantially as described.

41. In acipher-printing machine, means for printing a series of characters in predetermined orderin the spaces between the words and means for forming extra spaces between the letters of a word, substantially as described.

42. In combination, in a cipher-translating machine, printing mechanism, means for eliminating the extra spaces between the letters of a word and means for forming spaces between words, substantially as described.

43. In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, means for forming extra spaces between the letters of a word and an adjustable part whereby the machine is set for eliminating said spaces when the translation is printed, substantially as described.

d4. In combination, the printing mechanism comprising the series of alphabets, means for changing automatically from one alphabet to another, a paper-carriage, connections between the same and said means to shift from one alphabet to another, a paper-holder on the carriage, locking means for holding the same against movement with the carriage, means for arresting the hammer, and means for controlling the lock and hammer arresting means, substantially as described.

45. In combination, the escapement mechanism, the carriage, the printing mechanism, a paper-holder, a lock for holding the paperholder against movement with the carriage, and a key-lever controlling the escapement' and lock, said lever operating the escapement first and then the lock, substantially as described.

46. In, combination in a cipher-printing machine, a key for filling in the extra spaces between the words and means for forming spaces within the words as the characterkeys are operated, substantially as described.

47. In combination in a cipher-translating machine, means for forming the spaces be. tween the words and means for eliminating extra spaces in the words as the characterkeys are printed, substantially as described.

48. In combination in a cipher-printing machine means for changing the relation be tween the type and key characters automatically as the printing proceeds and in a predetermined order or after a predetermined number of key actions, printing mechanism,

and means for forming spaces in words, substantially as described.

49. In combination in a cipher-printing machine means for changing the relation between the type and key characters automatically as the printing proceeds and in a predetermined order or after a predetermined number of key actions, printing mechanism and means for eliminating the spaces in words, substantially as described.

50. In a cipher printing and translating machine, a space-key for making spaces at any point in the message, and means whereby said space-key can be made to eliminate the said spaces in the translation, substan-' tially as described.

51. In combination in a cipher-printing machine, means for automatically changing the relation between the type and the key characters in a determined order and as the keys are operated, a key and connections for controlling the printing so as to form a space when said key is struck, the action of said key being one of the predetermined number necessary to efiect the change in the relation between the type and the key characters, substantially as described.

52. In combination in a cipher-machine, means for automatically changing the relation between the type and the key characters in a determined order and as the keys are operated, a key and connections for controlling the printing so as to eliminate a space when said key is struck, the action of said key being one of the predetermined number necessary to efiect the change in the relation between the type and the key characters, substantially as described.

53. In a cipher-printing machine, the keys, a type-carrier having two or more complete sets of printing characters in parallel lines, and means for shifting said carrier to bring successively different characters of diiterent sets to the printing-point, in predetermined succession, whereby letters, different from the key-letters, are printed, said means also measuring automatically the interval between the shifting movements, substantially as described.

54. In combination, in a type-writer, a plurality of typecarriers each having a complete set of characters and means for automatically bringing into use the different sets of characters in a predetermined order, substantially as described.

55. In combination in a type-writer, the keys, a plurality of type-carriers each having acomplete set of characters, adjustable in re lation to each other and to the keys and means for bringing into use the different sets of characters, and automatically measuring the period of use of the sets of characters, substantially as described.

56. In combination in a type-writer, the keys, a plurality of sets of characters adjustable in relation to each other and to the keys ICC and means for bringing into use automatically the different sets of characters, sub stantially as described.

57. In combination in a type-writer, a typecarrier having rotary oscillatory movement, a series of rims adjustable thereon and each having a series of characters, automatic means for moving the type-carrier to bring different sets of charactersinto line with the printing-point, substantially as described.

58. In combination with the type-carrier having the diiferent sets of characters adjustable in relation to each other circumferentially of the wheel and means for moving the type-wheel for bringing the different sets of characters into line with the printing-point, and automatically measuring the period of use of the sets of characters, substantially as described.

59. In combination, the type-wheel, means for rotating the same, the post for raising and lowering the Wheel, the drum having the studs, the lever operated thereby, the catches controlling the lever arranged to be operated by the studs on the drum, means for operating the drum and connections between the lever and the post, substantially as described.

60. In combination in a cipher type-Writer, the keys, a type-carrier having a series of charactersin disordered relation with respect to the key characters and having a character which is normally opposite the printing-point, means for producing the letter-space and a lever for effecting the operation of the printing mechanism without moving the type-carrier from normal position and whereby the spaces between words will be filled in, substantially as described.

61. In a cipher-writing machine, the printing mechanism and a space-key for causing the operation of the same at the word-space, substantially as described.

62. In combination in a cipher-writing machine, the printing mechanism having a plurality of characters disposed in different sets to represent spaces between the words, means for causing the printing of such characters and means for bringing into operation in predetermined order the different characters of difierent sets representing the spaces, substantially as described.

63. In combination, the type-carrier having a plurality of sets of type, said sets being adjustable in relation to each other and the characters of each set opposite the printing-point in the position of rest representing spaces between words, means for bringing into operation the different sets and means for causing the printing mechanism to operate while the carrier is in a position of rest, substantially as described.

64. In combination, the type-carrier having a plurality of sets of characters adjustable in relation to each other, mechanism for automatically bringing the different sets into line with the printing-point and a space-lever for causing the printing mechanism to operrams ate to fill in the spaces between words, substantially as described.

65. In combination in a cipher type-writer, the keys, a type-carrier having characters thereon in disordered relation in respect to the keys and one of which represents the space between words, the lever for operating the printing mechanism and escapement without affecting the type-carrier in order to fill in spaces between words and a second lever for operating the escapement while preventing adapted to bring'the alphabets into action successively, substantially as described.

68. In a cipher-machine comprising suitable keys, two or more alphabets the characters of which are in disordered relation with respect to the key characters, means for bringing the alphabets into action and means for determining the order in which the alphabets are brought into action and the period of action, substantially as described.

69. In combination in a cipher-printing machine, the keys, the printing mechanism comprising the type arranged in disordered relation with respect to the key characters, and means connected with and operated by the carriage-spacing mechanism for changing the relation between the type and the keys in a predetermined order, substantially as described.

70. In combination in a type-writer, a plurality of sets of characters, carrier means therefor, and means for automatically bringing into use the different sets of characters in a predetermined order and for automatically measuring the interval between the changes from one set of characters toanother, substantially as described.

71. In combination in a cipher typewriter, means for changing the relation between the type characters and key characters, a papercarriage connected with said means, to operate the same, a paper-holder on the carriage, locking means for holding the same against movement with the carriage, the printing mechanism, and means for controlling the printing mechanism and the lock, substantially as described.

72. In combination, in a cipher-machine, printing mechanism, means for changing the relation between the type and key characters and for measuring automatically the intervals between the changes and means for eliminating the extra spaces from the words, substantially as described.

73. In combination in a cipher-machine, printing mechanism comprising means carrying the type, means for changing the relation between the type characters and key characters at determined intervals measured automatically, and means for eliminating extra spaces between the letters of a word in translating, substantially as described.

74:. In combination, the printing mechanism comprising a series of type characters,the keys, means for changing the relation between the type characters and key characters after a predetermined period of use, a paper-carriage, connections between the same and said changing means, a paper-holder movable past the printing-point, devices for arresting the paper-holder and the printing mechanism and means controlling said devices.

75. In combination in a cipher-printing machine, printing mechanism, means for changing the relation between the type and key characters, and means for measuring automatically the interval between said changes, a key and connections for controlling the printing so as to form an extra space when said key is struck, the action of said key being one of a predetermined number necessary to measure the interval between the said changes, substantially as described.

76. In combination in a cipher-machine,

printing mechanism, means for changing the relation between the type and key characters, and means for measuring automatically the interval between said changes,a key and connections for controlling the printing so as to eliminate the extra space when said key is struck, the action of said key being one of a predetermined number necessary to measure the interval between the said changes, substantially as described.

77. In combination, the type-carrier, the keys and means for changing the relation between the type-carrier and the keys comprising a rotary drum having studs and connections between the same and the type-carrier operated by the studs of said drum, substantially as described.

78. In combination, the type-carrier, the keys and means for changing the relation between the type-carrier and the keys comprising the drum having studs, a lever connected with the carrier and arranged to be operated by the studs of the drum and catches controlling the lever, said catches being controlled by the studs of the drum,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature Witnesses:

HENRY E. COOPER, L. B. MIDDLETON. 

